Of all the moral discipline of the Catholic Church, there is one which addresses the problems anthropological, social and economic: the Social Doctrine of the Church.
This "ethics industry" is not 'the result of centuries of experiences and reflections of Christian thought during the two thousand year history of Chiesa Cattolica, ma e' nata alla meta' dell'Ottocento, per risolvere i problemi di una societa' che stava cambiando rapidamente.
Infatti da una economia rurale si stava entrando in una fase totalmente diversa, ossia stava nascendo la societa' industriale.
La Chiesa, in particolar modo, quella francese, che sino allora aveva promosso solo attivita' assistenziale nei riguardi dei piu' deboli e i piu' poveri, si rende conto che vi sono altre realta': da una parte, il rafforzamento del capitalismo e del liberismo economico, che si basava su leggi di mercato libere, ma quasi non sempre etiche, con un'equilibrio che dipendeva solo dalla legge di domanda ed offerta, dall'altra, la nascita del comunismo e del socialismo.
Plus', new and unexpected reality 'as the properties' private struggles of class, the sfruttamentio workers, both in times of work, both in the resolution of wages.
front of everything ', the Church was close to all these social components and could not give his authoritative voice in resolving contemporary problems in terms of ethics, the union Fides et Ratio and the Gospel especially . And then one
ricodare, that the change in society ', even if it was gradual characteristics of radical separation of church and state and the emergence of a reality' of the laity, which admitted no ethics in the management of the state.
So the Church should seek new tools to bring its authoritative voice in the field of anthropology, economic and social, trying not to lose the reality 'of the Gospel: Company' modern ', we progress, evolution', but always related to the Word of God society 'in general, should not miss the ethical dimension, not to give to Secularism scriteriatamente more' radical.
And the reaction was in 1891, thanks to the then great Pope Leo XIII, who publishes the famous encyclical "Rerum Novarum", which with an interdisciplinary framework (founding, directive and decision) puts the facts straight with regard to new social problems: at last, was born the Social Doctrine of the Church. Evidently
in 900 and later, the company 'had changed greatly with the disappearance of ruralization, with the intensification of industrialization, with the progressive expansion of urban centers and the migration of people in the city' to find a job, the birth of corporate associations work and the affirmation of the right to strike;
for this in the Church, all the successive Popes Leo XIII shall endeavor, through the issuance of other encyclicals to update the contents of the Social Doctrine of the Church, which always fit correctly at the time, but always with the thread tied to the principles of the Gospel.
Great characters in this field were the then Pope Pius XI and John XXIII, Paul VI, il non ancora troppo compianto Giovanni Paolo II e infine l'attuale pontefice Benedetto XVI.
E nascono le encicliche Quadragesimo Annus (Pio XI), Mater Magistra et Pacem in Terris (Giovanni XIII), Gaudium et Spes (e' una Costituzione Apostolica questa e non un'enciclica), Populorum Progressio e Octogesima Adveniens di Paolo VI, Centesimus Annus et Labrorem Exercens (Giovanni Paolo II) en infine Deus Caritas est e Caritas in Veritate (Benedetto XVI).
2.Antropologia ed Ecologia .
Tutto parte dalla Creazione. Dio crea l'uomo e lo nomina, assieme alla donna (uomo+donna=Adamo), Suo plenipotenziario, ossia l'uomo ha la facolta' di gestire il creato, in rappresentanza di Dio e compiere il Suo progetto operando nel mondo e soprattutto nella natura.
La natura, come l'uomo e' cosa di Dio, nel senso che e' prodotto della Sua creazione.
L'uomo e' rivestito di dignita' spirituale, poiche' creatura del Padre e anche la natura e' Santa, in quanto derivante dalla creazione. L'equilibrio si rompe nel peccato originale, quando il male corrompe l'uomo e la natura stessa. Ma l'equilibrio si ricompone nella Redenzione dove tutto viene purificato dal peccato.
Ma questa purificazione deve sempre rinnovarsi in funzione escatologica, per l'uomo attraverso i sacramenti, per la natura, per mezzo degli interventi ethical man. The report
correrto men in regard to himself and nature, Fuzion ethics, and 'called by the Church Anthropology.
Man anthropological and 'truly a man who realizes God's plan, act and work according to the eschatological in nature, which supports him and must not be contaminated.
Man can 'and should be used by nature and enjoy its goods and the enjoyment of these and' extended to all representatives of the human race. no one can 'steal the goods of nature more' than it does right, but you must learn to participate in all that God has given us.
as St. Thomas, all depending on our resourcefulness and ability ', We must take advantage of what God has given us and we have a duty to help those who are less able to us and the more 'poveri.La properties' private 'admitted, but' only for the common good, which all of us the right to enjoy.
Anthropology and 'social justice, in light of the Gospel, but it' s also the ability 'to live in divine harmony in nature.
3.The Sustainable Development.
to live a dignified life, we need to live a healthy social life, in a healthy nature.
We have no right to rape her, I 'with the products and substitutes a philosophy of technology, which sometimes it shows full of petty and selfish and sordid interests, which controls the profit, it 'with vandalism and lack of respect.
a healthy nature, why it 'so' you can live with less disease and biological alterations, is because''healthy us we can work well to God's plan
Man must work, play activities' in the best habitat possible, affiche 'to concentrate in developing the plan of God
must be careful that the dignity' of the person becomes an opinion, a result of a mentality of 'relativistic and pluralistic, and tolerant to many biological questions is almost an acquired right . It should address the right to bioethics and bioengineering balance and must not destroy the human heritage, and otherwise 'the end and it goes against God
alike must live and work in a healthy manner in a healthy environment.
For this reason, the past four decades the man of good will 'and are' driven to earn his sacred rights to the environment.
remember that environmental rights are still not regulated strictly legal in the sense that those who offend the environment is not 'liable by a court, yet the production of many environmental regulations governing the rights may be enough to achieve the goals of habitat protection, in which we live.
The UN in the 70s and 'dealt with the environmental problem by promoting the conference in Stockholm (1972) and Rio de Janeiro (1992).
In these locations, all were present were compared to resolve the problem of habitat modiale better known as devastated by large deforestation, pollution of water and air and thermal behavior of trends' that abnormal.
the Rio conference, they even work, 'to fix the legal defense and environmental law, but many industries worldwide have opposed for obvious reasons, since there never would be able to avoid pollution, punishable by criminal penalties.
The fundamental goal of the end point of these conferences and 'was to obtain a system of ethical and human life, which are identical, with sustainable development, in fact, you should try to live, work, act in a healthy environment, the more' pure as possible from all sorts of waste and pollution at all levels, ensuring an existence essentially anthropological, social and economic level that satisfies everyone and is durable over the years and generations to come. So there must be monitoring and social indexes, which keep everything from degradation and prevent the general sense always in the economic, social and anthropological. This
'the sustainable development, which derives mainly from the right environment, that every man should have and we must do everything to maintain a dignified status quo.
fact, there are two types of two developments:
- entropy, where everything eventually degrades and is not recovered 's nothing, the rule of departure.
